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The Minoan and Mycenaean (Middle to Late Aegean Bronze Age) swords are classified in types labeled A to H following Sandars (1961, 1963), the "Sandars typology". Types A and B ("tab-tang") are the earliest from about the 17th to 16th centuries, types C ("horned" swords) and D ("cross" swords) from the 15th century, types E and F ("T-hilt" swords) from the 13th and 12th.
A longsword (also spelled as long sword or long-sword) is a type of European sword characterized as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for primarily two-handed use (around 15 to 30 cm or 6 to 12 in), a straight double-edged blade of around 80 to 110 cm (31 to 43 in), and weighing approximately 2 to 3 kg (4 lb 7 oz to 6 lb 10 oz). [2] [3]
A number of manuscripts covering longsword combat and techniques dating from the 13th–16th centuries exist in German, [40] Italian, and English, [41] providing extensive information on longsword combatives as used throughout this period. Many of these are now readily available online.
In Old English and other Germanic languages, which were spoken across much of Northwestern Europe, tribal groups often had names that appear to be based upon the names of weapons; for instance, the Angles may have taken their name from the Old English term angul (meaning "barbed" or "hook"), the Franks from the word franca ("spear," or possibly ...
A stylized bronze longsword, point down, is fastened to the front of the cross. [66] The cross is designed so that a second bronze sword may be fastened to the rear as well. The sword is positioned so that the crossguard on the sword matches where the cross's shaft and crossarm meet. [43]
According to the Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian, written in 1183, the "Horse Beheading Dao" (zhanmadao) was a two handed long saber with a 93.6 cm (36.9 in) blade, 31.2 cm (12.3 in) hilt, and ring pommel. [41] The zhanmadao was the main 2 handed long sword used against cavalry, but other long sabers like the podao and modao were also used.
The Sword of Stalingrad (1943), a ceremonial longsword presented by command of King George VI of the United Kingdom to Marshall Joseph Stalin in 1943 as a token of homage from the British people to the Soviet defenders of the city during the Battle of Stalingrad.
The most obvious comparison is the scarce extent of surviving manuscripts. While there are many Italian and comparatively numerous German manuscripts, there are only three English Longsword treatises. Additionally, the English sources are without illustration, so they are text only. This makes them more difficult to interpret.