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In pharmacology, potency or biological potency [1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2]
Antibiotic synergy is desirable in a clinic sense for several reasons. At the patient level, the boosted antimicrobial potency provided by synergy allows the body to more rapidly clear infections, resulting in shorter courses of antibiotic therapy. [3] Shorter courses of therapy in turn reduce the effects of dose-related toxicity, if applicable ...
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics is the relationship between the concentration of an antibiotic and its ability to inhibit vital processes of endo- or ectoparasites and microbial organisms. [1] This branch of pharmacodynamics relates the concentration of an anti-infective agent to its effect, specifically to its antimicrobial effect. [2]
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. IC 50 is a quantitative measure that indicates how much of a particular inhibitory substance (e.g. drug) is needed to inhibit, in vitro , a given biological process or biological component by 50% ...
It is commonly used as a measure of a drug's potency, although the use of EC 50 is preferred over that of 'potency', which has been criticised for its vagueness. [3] EC 50 is a measure of concentration, expressed in molar units (M), where 1 M is equivalent to 1 mol / L .
The duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective. [5] Duration of action is a function of several parameters including plasma half-life , the time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target .
The value obtained is largely dependent on the susceptibility of the microorganism and the antimicrobial potency of the chemical, but other variables can affect results too. [5] The MIC is often expressed in micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) or milligrams per liter (mg/L).
[2] [4] Omeprazole is a popular drug that conforms to Lipinski's rule of five. Some authors have criticized the rule of five for the implicit assumption that passive diffusion is the only important mechanism for the entry of drugs into cells, ignoring the role of transporters. For example, O'Hagan and co-authors wrote as follows: [5]