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In July 2009, the FDA updated the labels of two anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody drugs (panitumumab and cetuximab) indicated for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer to include information about KRAS mutations. [14] This was the result of a study, which demonstrated lack of benefit with Panitumumab in patients who carried NRAS mutations. [6]
Cytarabine is the first of a series of cancer drugs that altered the sugar component of nucleosides. Other cancer drugs modify the base. [13] Cytarabine is often given by continuous intravenous infusion, which follows a biphasic elimination – initial fast clearance rate followed by a slower rate of the analog. [14]
Modulating the pyrimidine metabolism pharmacologically has therapeutical uses, and could implement in cancer treatment. [10] Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors are used in active moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, as well as in multiple sclerosis.
Glycosylation is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. [6] Glycosylation also underpins the ABO blood group system. It is the presence or absence of glycosyltransferases which dictates which blood group antigens are presented and hence what antibody specificities are exhibited.
Pyrimidine analogues are antimetabolites which mimic the structure ... Pyrimidine antimetabolites are commonly used to treat cancer by interfering with DNA ...
The concept of blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 for the treatment of cancer was first published in 2001. [6] Pharmaceutical companies began attempting to develop drugs to block these molecules, and the first clinical trial was launched in 2006, evaluating nivolumab.
The surfaces of cancer cells often exhibit aberrant glycosylation, which serves to mediate cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor progression. However, because these glycans often differ from those present on healthy cells, they also serve as candidates to act as cancer biomarkers for use in diagnostics and in developing targeted therapies ...
Pemigatinib, sold under the brand name Pemazyre, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). [5] [6] [8] [9] Pemigatinib works by blocking FGFR2 in tumor cells to prevent them from growing and spreading. [8] Pemigatinib belongs to a group of medicines called protein kinase inhibitors. [10]