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Basics. Molecular orbital diagrams are diagrams of molecular orbital (MO) energy levels, shown as short horizontal lines in the center, flanked by constituent atomic orbital (AO) energy levels for comparison, with the energy levels increasing from the bottom to the top. Lines, often dashed diagonal lines, connect MO levels with their ...
Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy. For example, in the homonuclear diatomic molecules of the first ten elements, the molecular orbitals derived from the p x and the p y atomic orbitals result in two degenerate bonding orbitals (of low energy) and two degenerate antibonding orbitals (of high energy). [13]
Chemical bonding of water. Water (H2O) is a simple triatomic bent molecule with C 2v molecular symmetry and bond angle of 104.5° between the central oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms. Despite being one of the simplest triatomic molecules, its chemical bonding scheme is nonetheless complex as many of its bonding properties such as bond angle ...
H 2 1sσ* antibonding molecular orbital. In theoretical chemistry, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei.
In chemistry, molecular orbital theory (MO theory or MOT) is a method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics. It was proposed early in the 20th century. The MOT explains the paramagnetic nature of O 2, which VSEPR theory cannot explain. In molecular orbital theory, electrons in a molecule are not assigned ...
To see the elongated shape of ψ (x, y, z)2 functions that show probability density more directly, see pictures of d-orbitals below. In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital (/ ˈɔːrbɪtəl /) is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. [1] This function describes an electron's charge distribution ...
Bonding molecular orbital. In theoretical chemistry, the bonding orbital is used in molecular orbital (MO) theory to describe the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals of two or more atoms in a molecule. In MO theory, electrons are portrayed to move in waves. [1] When more than one of these waves come close together, the in-phase ...
The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen (IUPAC name: hydrogenonium ion) is a cation (positive ion) with formula H+ 3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei (protons) sharing two electrons. The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe.