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The nitrate anion is the conjugate base of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identically bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a formal charge of −1. [citation needed] This charge results from a combination formal charge in which each of the three oxygens carries a ...
Nitrification. Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms [1] or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria.
Once nitric oxide is converted to nitrates and nitrites by oxygen and water, cell signaling is deactivated. [31] The endothelium (inner lining) of blood vessels uses nitric oxide to signal the surrounding smooth muscle to relax, resulting in vasodilation and increasing blood flow. [30] Sildenafil (Viagra) is a drug that uses the nitric oxide ...
There is a potential role for the use of nitric oxide in alleviating bladder contractile dysfunctions, [92] [93] and recent evidence suggests that nitrates may be beneficial for treatment of angina due to reduced myocardial oxygen consumption both by decreasing preload and afterload and by some direct vasodilation of coronary vessels.
Nitrite produced in the first step of autotrophic nitrification is oxidized to nitrate by nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) . It is a membrane-associated iron-sulfur molybdo protein and is part of an electron transfer chain which channels electrons from nitrite to molecular oxygen.
Oxygen likely affects denitrification in multiple ways—because most denitrifiers are facultative, oxygen can inhibit rates, but it can also stimulate denitrification by facilitating nitrification and the production of nitrate. In wetlands as well as deserts, [21] moisture is an environmental limitation to rates of denitrification.
In atmospheric chemistry: NOx (or NO x) refers to the sum of NO and NO2. [1][2] NOy (or NO y) refers to the sum of NOx and all oxidized atmospheric odd-nitrogen species (e.g. the sum of NOx, HNO3, HNO2, etc.) NOz (or NO z) = NOy − NOx. Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen ("MON"): solutions of nitric oxide in dinitrogen tetroxide/nitrogen dioxide.
Denitrification is the reduction of nitrates back into nitrogen gas (N. 2), completing the nitrogen cycle. This process is performed by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas and Paracoccus, under anaerobic conditions. They use the nitrate as an electron acceptor in the place of oxygen during respiration.