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For other uses of the term, see Pluralism (disambiguation). The cross of the war memorial (Church of England / Christianity) and a menorah (Judaism) coexist at the north end of St Giles' in Oxford, England. Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society.
Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology.This objective investigation may include the use both of quantitative methods (surveys, polls, demographic and census analysis) and of qualitative approaches (such as participant observation, interviewing, and analysis of archival ...
Mehmed II's ahidnâme to the Catholic monks of the recently conquered Bosnia issued in 1463, granting them full religious freedom and protection.. Religious pluralism existed in medieval Islamic law and Islamic ethics, as the religious laws and courts of other religions, including Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, were usually accommodated within the Islamic legal framework, as exemplified ...
Other Islamic nations are not so tolerant of minority religions: Saudi Arabia limits religious freedom to a high degree, prohibiting public worship by other religions. The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is considered intolerant by many observers. Some ancient Buddhist monuments, like the Buddhas of Bamyan, were destroyed as idolatrous.
Qur'an, Liberation and Pluralism by Farid Esack. Revival and Reform in Islam by Fazlur Rahman Malik. The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought by Mohammed Arkoun. Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World by Anouar Majid. Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality by Pervez Hoodbhoy.
Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religions with the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices, themes and impacts (including migration) of the world's religions. In general the comparative study of religion yields a deeper understanding of the fundamental philosophical concerns of religion such as ethics ...
A 2003 book called Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism contains a chapter by Amir Hussain on "Muslims, Pluralism, and Interfaith Dialogue" in which he shows how interfaith dialogue has been an integral part of Islam from its beginning. Hussain writes that "Islam would not have developed if it had not been for interfaith ...
Rejection of democracy as a Western import and advocacy of traditional Islamic institutions, such as shura (consultation) and ijma (consensus), as exemplified by supporters of absolute monarchy and radical Islamist movements; Belief that democracy requires restricting religion to private life, held by a minority in the Muslim world.