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Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, [a] is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures, but it is affected by Dutch elm disease.
Description. Ulmus rubra is a medium-sized deciduous tree with a spreading head of branches, [4] commonly growing to 12–19 metres (39–62 feet), very occasionally over 30 m (98 ft) in height. Its heartwood is reddish-brown. The broad oblong to obovate leaves are 10–20 centimetres (4–8 inches) long, rough above but velvety below, with ...
Ulmus racemosa Thomas. Ulmus thomasii, the rock elm[3] or cork elm (or orme liège in Québec), is a deciduous tree native primarily to the Midwestern United States. The tree ranges from southern Ontario and Quebec, south to Tennessee, west to northeastern Kansas, and north to Minnesota. [4]
Ulmus crassifolia Nutt., the Texas cedar elm or simply cedar elm, is a deciduous tree native to south-central North America, mainly in southern and eastern Texas, southern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, with small populations in western Mississippi, southwest Tennessee, and north-central Florida; [2] it also occurs in northeastern Mexico.
Most of North America's notable elms are Ulmus americana, a fast-growing and long-lived species capable of attaining great size in a few centuries, especially when open-grown. [1] American Forests, a non-profit conservation organization, uses the following formula to calculate a point score for each tree to permit comparisons with others:
Ulmus villosa - marn or cherry bark elm. Subgenus Oreoptelea. U. section Blepharocarpus. Ulmus americana - American elm, white elm. Ulmus laevis - European white elm, fluttering elm, spreading elm, (US) Russian elm. Ulmus laevis var. celtidea. Ulmus laevis var. laevis. Ulmus laevis var. parvifolia. Ulmus laevis var. simplicidens.
In North America, the species most commonly planted was the American elm (U. americana), which had unique properties that made it ideal for such use - rapid growth, adaptation to a broad range of climates and soils, strong wood, resistance to wind damage, and vase-like growth habit requiring minimal pruning.
Princeton elms planted in North America are highly prone to leaf damage by Japanese beetles Popillia japonica. [11] Trees grown in the UK have also proven very susceptible to damage by leaf-feeding insects, far more so than native or Asiatic elms. Henry noted that such damage was common to all American Elm Ulmus americana grown in the UK. [12]