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In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function. The output of the transform is a complex -valued function of frequency.
Fourier transforms. In mathematics, Fourier analysis (/ ˈfʊrieɪ, - iər /) [1] is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions. Fourier analysis grew from the study of Fourier series, and is named after Joseph Fourier, who showed that representing a function as a sum of ...
Conversely, the inverse Fourier transform of a momentum space function is a position space function. These quantities and ideas transcend all of classical and quantum physics, and a physical system can be described using either the positions of the constituent particles, or their momenta, both formulations equivalently provide the same ...
A Fourier series (/ ˈfʊrieɪ, - iər / [1]) is an expansion of a periodic function into a sum of trigonometric functions. The Fourier series is an example of a trigonometric series, but not all trigonometric series are Fourier series. [2] By expressing a function as a sum of sines and cosines, many problems involving the function become ...
A discrete Fourier analysis of a sum of cosine waves at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Hz. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm that computes the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a sequence, or its inverse (IDFT). Fourier analysis converts a signal from its original domain (often time or space) to a representation in the frequency domain ...
Fourier transform (bottom) is zero except at discrete points. The inverse transform is a sum of sinusoids called Fourier series. Center-right: Original function is discretized (multiplied by a Dirac comb) (top). Its Fourier transform (bottom) is a periodic summation (DTFT) of the original transform. Right: The DFT (bottom) computes discrete ...
Fourier optics begins with the homogeneous, scalar wave equation (valid in source-free regions): (,) = where is the speed of light and u(r,t) is a real-valued Cartesian component of an electromagnetic wave propagating through a free space (e.g., u(r, t) = E i (r, t) for i = x, y, or z where E i is the i-axis component of an electric field E in the Cartesian coordinate system).
The quantum Fourier transform is the classical discrete Fourier transform applied to the vector of amplitudes of a quantum state, which has length if it is applied to a register of qubits. The classical Fourier transform acts on a vector and maps it to the vector according to the formula: where is an N -th root of unity.