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The Haworth synthesis is a classic method for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this reaction, an arene is reacted with succinic anhydride, the subsequent product is then reduced in either a Clemmensen reduction or a Wolff-Kishner reduction. Lastly, a second Friedel-Crafts acylation takes place with addition of acid.
Norman Haworth. Sir Walter Norman Haworth FRS [ 1 ] (19 March 1883 [ 2 ] – 19 March 1950) was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) while working at the University of Birmingham. He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C".
Haworth projection. In chemistry, a Haworth projection is a common way of writing a structural formula to represent the cyclic structure of monosaccharides with a simple three-dimensional perspective. Haworth projection approximate the shapes of the actual molecules better for furanoses —which are in reality nearly planar—than for pyranoses ...
From 1927 he was a professor at the University of Newcastle and from 1939 at the University of Sheffield . He researched the chemistry of natural products including resins, tannins, and the structure and synthesis of alkaloids . A variant of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation, the Haworth reaction, is named after him (1932). It creates 1-tetralone.
[2] [3] In reference to the compound's antiscorbutic properties, Haworth and Szent-Györgyi proposed to rename it "a-scorbic acid" for the compound, and later specifically l-ascorbic acid. [4] Because of their work, in 1937 two Nobel Prizes: in Chemistry and in Physiology or Medicine were awarded to Haworth and Szent-Györgyi, respectively.
l-Glucose is an organic compound with formula C 6 H 12 O 6 or O=CH[CH(OH)] 5 H, specifically one of the aldohexose monosaccharides.As the l-isomer of glucose, it is the enantiomer of the more common d-glucose.
L-Ribose Fischer Projection. Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH) 4 −H. The naturally occurring form, d-ribose, is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compound is necessary for coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.
Galactose (/ ɡəˈlæktoʊs /, galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. [2] It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. [3] A galactose molecule linked with a glucose molecule forms a lactose molecule.