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Shallow semantic parsing is concerned with identifying entities in an utterance and labelling them with the roles they play. Shallow semantic parsing is sometimes known as slot-filling or frame semantic parsing, since its theoretical basis comes from frame semantics, wherein a word evokes a frame of related concepts and roles.
These examples all only require lexical context, and while they complicate a lexer somewhat, they are invisible to the parser and later phases. A more complex example is the lexer hack in C, where the token class of a sequence of characters cannot be determined until the semantic analysis phase since typedef names and variable names are ...
A simple example of concepts modeled in a frame language is the Friend of A Friend (FOAF) ontology defined as part of the Semantic Web as a foundation for social networking and calendar systems. The primary frame in this simple example is a Person. Example slots are the person's email, home page, phone, etc.
In computer programming, the lexer hack is a solution to parsing context-sensitive grammars such as C, where classifying a sequence of characters as a variable name or a type name requires contextual information, by feeding contextual information backwards from the parser to the lexer.
Parse trees are typically built by a parser during the source code translation and compiling process. Once built, additional information is added to the AST by means of subsequent processing, e.g., contextual analysis. Abstract syntax trees are also used in program analysis and program transformation systems.
A semantic network, or frame network is a knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation . It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices , which represent concepts , and edges , which represent semantic relations between concepts , [ 1 ...
Part-of-speech tagging (which resolves some semantic ambiguity) is a related problem, and often a prerequisite for or a subproblem of syntactic parsing. Syntactic parses can be used for information extraction (e.g. event parsing, semantic role labelling, entity labelling) and may be further used to extract formal semantic representations.
PropBank differs from FrameNet, the resource to which it is most frequently compared, in several ways.. PropBank is a verb-oriented resource, while FrameNet is centered on the more abstract notion of frames, which generalizes descriptions across similar verbs (e.g. "describe" and "characterize") as well as nouns and other words (e.g. "description"). [2]