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In collaboration with Church centric bible translation, Free Bibles India has published a Gujarati translation online. [12] In 2016, the New Testament of New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures was released by Jehovah's Witnesses in Gujarati. [13] [14] [15] with mobile versions released through JW Library application in App stores.
[3] In 1982, a translation of 700 couplets of the Kural text was published under the title "Satsai." [ 3 ] There was yet another Hindi translation in 1989. [ 3 ] In 1990, T. E. S. Raghavan rendered a poetic rendition in couplet form in 'Venba' metre as in the source, following four words in the first line and three in the second. [ 5 ]
Pashtunwali (Pashto: پښتونوالی), also known as Pakhtunwali and Afghaniyat, [1] is the traditional lifestyle or a code of honour and tribal code of the Pashtun people, from Afghanistan and Pakistan, by which they live. Many scholars widely have interpreted it as being "the way of the Pashtuns" or "the code of life". [2]
The distinction between these two definitions of tribalism, objective and subjective, is an important one because while tribal societies have been pushed to the edges of the Western world, tribalism, by the second definition, is arguably undiminished. A few writers have postulated that the human brain is hard-wired towards tribalism, but that ...
The doubts, however, are based ultimately on the definition and meaning which different scholars give to the term 'tribe', its adjective 'tribal', and its abstract form 'tribalism'. [5] Despite the membership boundaries for a tribe being conceptually simple, in reality they are often vague and subject to change over time.
The tribal population in India, although a small minority, represents an enormous diversity of groups. They vary in language and linguistic traits, ecological settings in which they live, physical features, size of the population, the extent of acculturation , dominant modes of making a livelihood , level of development and social stratification .
According to Edward Tuite Dalton, "Oraon" is an exonym assigned by neighbouring Munda people, meaning "to roam".They call themselves Kurukh. [15] According to Sten Konow, Uraon will mean man as in the Dravidian Kurukh language, the word Urapai, Urapo and Urang means Man.
A second problem with the use of the term folk religion that Yoder highlighted was that some scholars, particularly those operating in the sociology of religion, used the term as a synonym for ethnic religion (which is alternately known as national religion or tribal religion), meaning a religion closely tied to a particular ethnic or national ...