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In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [ 22 ] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized D p r {\displaystyle D ...
Isaac Newton's sine-squared law of air resistance is a formula that implies the force on a flat plate immersed in a moving fluid is proportional to the square of the sine of the angle of attack. Although Newton did not analyze the force on a flat plate himself, the techniques he used for spheres, cylinders, and conical bodies were later applied ...
The air's motion is affected by the pressure differences, but the existence of the pressure differences depends on the air's motion. The relationship is thus a mutual, or reciprocal, interaction: Air flow changes speed or direction in response to pressure differences, and the pressure differences are sustained by the air's resistance to ...
The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning object is moving through a fluid or gas (air). A lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may be deflected in a manner not present when it is not spinning. The strength and direction of the Magnus effect is dependent on the speed and direction of the rotation of the object ...
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
One atkinson is defined as the resistance of an airway which, when air flows along it at a rate of 1,000 cubic feet per second, causes a pressure drop of one pound-force per square foot. The unit is named after J J Atkinson, who published one of the earliest comprehensive mathematical treatments of mine ventilation.
Circa 1665, Sir Isaac Newton derived the law of air resistance. Newton's experiments on drag were through air and fluids. He showed that drag on shot increases proportionately with the density of the air (or the fluid), cross sectional area, and the square of the speed. [9] Newton's experiments were only at low velocities to about 260 m/s (853 ...
The basis of a carburetor used in many reciprocating engines is a throat in the air flow to create a region of low pressure to draw fuel into the carburetor and mix it thoroughly with the incoming air. The low pressure in the throat can be explained by Bernoulli's principle, where air in the throat is moving at its fastest speed and therefore ...