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  2. Combination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination

    In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations).For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple and an orange; or a pear and an orange.

  3. Boolean satisfiability problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem

    A propositional logic formula, also called Boolean expression, is built from variables, operators AND (conjunction, also denoted by ∧), OR (disjunction, ∨), NOT (negation, ¬), and parentheses. A formula is said to be satisfiable if it can be made TRUE by assigning appropriate logical values (i.e. TRUE, FALSE) to

  4. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

    In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed. If the values of all variables in a propositional formula are given, it determines a unique truth value. A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, [1] or a sentential formula.

  5. Lottery mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics

    The numerator equates to the number of ways to select the winning numbers multiplied by the number of ways to select the losing numbers. For a score of n (for example, if 3 choices match three of the 6 balls drawn, then n = 3), ( 6 n ) {\displaystyle {6 \choose n}} describes the odds of selecting n winning numbers from the 6 winning numbers.

  6. Count-distinct problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count-distinct_problem

    To handle the bounded storage constraint, streaming algorithms use a randomization to produce a non-exact estimation of the distinct number of elements, . State-of-the-art estimators hash every element into a low-dimensional data sketch using a hash function, (). The different techniques can be classified according to the data sketches they store.

  7. Combinatorial number system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial_number_system

    A k-combination of a set S is a subset of S with k (distinct) elements. The main purpose of the combinatorial number system is to provide a representation, each by a single number, of all ( n k ) {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{k}}} possible k -combinations of a set S of n elements.

  8. Twelvefold way - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelvefold_way

    For each surjective function f : N → X, its orbit under permutations of X has x! elements, since composition (on the left) with two distinct permutations of X never gives the same function on N (the permutations must differ at some element of X, which can always be written as () for some i ∈ N, and the compositions will then differ at i).

  9. Coupon collector's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_collector's_problem

    Graph of number of coupons, n vs the expected number of trials (i.e., time) needed to collect them all E (T ) In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests.