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  2. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    In Disjunctive Syllogism, the first premise establishes two options. The second takes one away, so the conclusion states that the remaining one must be true. [3] It is shown below in logical form. Either A or B Not A Therefore B. When A and B are replaced with real life examples it looks like below.

  3. Syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism

    A syllogism takes the form (note: M – Middle, S – subject, P – predicate.): Major premise: All M are P. Minor premise: All S are M. Conclusion/Consequent: All S are P. The premises and conclusion of a syllogism can be any of four types, which are labeled by letters [14] as follows. The meaning of the letters is given by the table:

  4. The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_False_Subtlety_of_the...

    The dictum de omni is the highest principle of affirmative syllogisms. It says: Whatever is universally affirmed of a concept is also affirmed of everything contained under it. This is grounded on the rule of affirmative ratiocination. A concept that contains other concepts has been abstracted from them and is a predicate. Whatever belongs to ...

  5. Constructive dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_dilemma

    Constructive dilemma [1] [2] [3] is a valid rule of inference of propositional logic.It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either P or R is true, then either Q or S has to be true.

  6. Disjunctive syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive_syllogism

    For a logical system that validates it, the disjunctive syllogism may be written in sequent notation as P ∨ Q , ¬ P ⊢ Q {\displaystyle P\lor Q,\lnot P\vdash Q} where ⊢ {\displaystyle \vdash } is a metalogical symbol meaning that Q {\displaystyle Q} is a syntactic consequence of P ∨ Q {\displaystyle P\lor Q} , and ¬ P {\displaystyle ...

  7. Categorical proposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_proposition

    The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms an important branch of deductive reasoning that began with the Ancient Greeks. The Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle identified four primary distinct types of categorical proposition and gave them standard forms (now often called A , E , I , and O ).

  8. Destructive dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_dilemma

    It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either Q is false or S is false, then either P or R must be false. In sum, if two conditionals are true, but one of their consequents is false, then one of their antecedents has to be false. Destructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus tollens.

  9. Argumentation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory

    Example of an early argument map, from Richard Whately's Elements of Logic (1852 edition). Argumentation theory is the interdisciplinary study of how conclusions can be supported or undermined by premises through logical reasoning.