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Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
Eventually the Dacians were forced to recognize Roman supremacy in the Balkan area, although they had not yet been subjugated to Rome, as Suetonius and the emperor Augustus himself tells: Augustus had succeeded (during his principate) in curbing the incursions of the Dacians, making a great slaughter of them and killing three of their leaders
Roman historian Flavius Eutropius mentioned the fate of Dacians after the Roman victory in the Breviarium Historiae Romanae: " Trajan , after he had subdued Dacia, had transplanted thither an infinite number of people from the whole Roman world, to people the country and the cities; as the land had been exhausted of inhabitants in the long war ...
At the boundaries of Roman Dacia, Carpi (Free Dacians) were still strong enough to sustain five battles in eight years against the Romans from AD 301–308. Roman Dacia was left in AD 275 by the Romans, to the Carpi again, and not to the Goths. There were still Dacians in AD 336, against whom Constantine the Great fought.
The Dacians repelled the first attack, but the Romans, helped by a treacherous local nobleman, [who?] found and destroyed the water pipes of the Dacian capital. Running out of water and food the city fell and was razed. Decebalus fled, but was followed by the Roman cavalry and committed suicide rather than submit.
Built in murus dacicus style, the six Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains (Romanian: Cetăți dacice din Munții Orăștiei), in Romania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection against Roman conquest, and played an important role during the Roman–Dacian wars.
A part of researchers support that onomastically, Dacians are not different from the other Thracians in Roman Dacia's inscriptions. [5] But recently, D. Dana basing himself on new onomastic material recorded in Egyptian ostraka suggested criteria which would make possible to distinguish between closely related Thracian and Dacian-Moesian names ...
The Daco-Roman mixing theory, as an origin for the Romanian people, was formulated by the earliest Romanian scholars, beginning with Dosoftei from Moldavia, in the 17th century, [1] followed in the early 1700s in Transylvania, through the Romanian Uniate clergy [2] and in Wallachia, by the historian Constantin Cantacuzino in his Istoria Țării Rumânești dintru început ("History of ...