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The early clinical features of MCTD are nonspecific and may include fatigue, low-grade fever, myalgias, Raynaud phenomenon, swelling of the fingers or hands, arthralgia, esophageal reflux or dysmotility, acrosclerosis (also known as sclerodactyly), mild myositis, and various forms of pulmonary involvement.
An overlap syndrome is a medical condition which shares features of at least two more widely recognised disorders. Examples of overlap syndromes can be found in many medical specialties such as overlapping connective tissue disorders in rheumatology , and overlapping genetic disorders in cardiology .
PM/Scl overlap syndrome Scleromyositis , is an autoimmune disease (a disease in which the immune system attacks the body). People with scleromyositis have symptoms of both systemic scleroderma and either polymyositis or dermatomyositis , and is therefore considered an overlap syndrome .
The term is sometimes used interchangeably with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), as it is an overlap syndrome. However, some researchers believe that MCTD is a clinically distinct entity and is strongly associated with the presence of titer high in antibodies Ribonucleoproteins (RNP). [4]
Connective tissue diseases can be classified into two groups: (1) a group of relatively rare genetic disorders affecting the primary structure of connective tissue; and (2) a number of acquired conditions where the connective tissues are the site of multiple, more or less distinct immune and inflammatory reactions.
Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) is a rare immune-related adverse event primarily associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of various malignancies , function by activating the immune system to detect and attack cancer cells .
Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. [2] [6] [8] The disease can be either localized to the skin or involve other organs, as well. [2]
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes M30-M36 within Chapter XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue should be included in this category.