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François Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician and voodooist who served as the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. [3] He was elected president in the 1957 general election on a populist and black nationalist platform.
Fort Dimanche is a former prison in Haiti located near La Saline in Port-au-Prince that was notorious for torture and murder during the reign of François Duvalier. It was declared a monument in 1987. [1] The original Fort Dimanche was built by the French when Haiti was a colony prior to 1804 and fell into disrepair.
In 1971, after Duvalier died, [18] his widow Simone and son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier ordered Cambronne into exile. Cambronne moved to Miami , Florida , US, where he lived until his death in 2006.
(Birth–Death) Elected Term of office Party Title(s) Took office Left office Time in office 39 François Duvalier (1907–1971) 1957 1961 1964: 22 October 1957 21 April 1971† [11] [12] 13 years, 181 days National Unity Party: President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971) 40 Jean-Claude Duvalier
Simone Duvalier's influence reached its peak after the death of her husband on 21 April 1971, when her nineteen-year-old son Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc) succeeded his father as Haiti's "President for Life". Simone Duvalier retained the title of First Lady, and relished the power it conferred.
After the death of François Duvalier in 1971, Cambronne was said to be interested in becoming Prime Minister under his son and successor, Jean-Claude Duvalier. Jean-Claude's mother, Simone Duvalier, outmaneuvered Cambronne and insisted on his exile. [1] [7] [2] He was replaced by Roger Lafontant as leader of the Tonton Macoutes and Minister.
The bodies of some of the coup plotters were dragged through the streets of Port-au-Prince to cheering crowds, and Duvalier was photographed in uniform and hailed in the Haitian press as having led the counterattack on the coup plotters himself. Pasquet's was the first of many coup attempts against Duvalier's government.
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Haiti, following the end of the Haitian Revolution in Saint-Domingue which declared its independence from France on 1 January 1804 and became the world's first and oldest black-led republic in the Americas, the first Caribbean state and the first Latin American country as a whole in the Western Hemisphere after the United States ...