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The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) (/ ˈ ɛ m ʃ ə /) is a large agency of the United States Department of Labor which administers the provisions of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) to enforce compliance with mandatory safety and health standards as a means to eliminate fatal accidents, to reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, to ...
OSM Regional Structure Map. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior.It is the federal agency entrusted with the implementation and enforcement of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), which attached a per-ton fee to all extracted coal in order to fund an interest-accruing trust to be ...
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands.
The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, U.S. Public Law 91-173, generally referred to as the Coal Act, was passed by the 91st United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon on December 30, 1969.
In the decade 2005–2014, US coal mining fatalities averaged 28 per year. [45] The most fatalities during the 2005–2014 decade were 48 in 2010, the year of the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster in West Virginia, which killed 29 miners. [81] 2016 was the first year in U.S. coal mining history that had no fatalities due to coal mine roof falls. [82]
A coal mine mantrip at Lackawanna Coal Mine in Scranton, Pennsylvania Coal miners exiting a winder cage at a mine near Richlands, Virginia in 1974 Surface coal mining in Wyoming, U.S. A coal mine in Frameries, Belgium. Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine.
Some mining methods (lithium mining, phosphate mining, coal mining, mountaintop removal mining, and sand mining) may have such significant environmental and public health effects that mining companies in some countries are required to follow strict environmental and rehabilitation codes to ensure that the mined area returns to its original ...
Face or coal face. The coal face is the place where coal is cut from the coal seam either manually by hewers or mechanically by machine. [6] Firedamp. Firedamp is explosive, flammable gas consisting predominantly of methane. [1] Fitter. A fitter is a worker responsible for the maintenance of underground machinery. Furnace, furnace pit