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Benzonatate was first made available in the United States in 1958 as a prescription medication for the treatment of cough in individuals over the age of 10. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] There is a variety of prescription opioid -based cough relievers, such as hydrocodone and codeine , but have unwanted side effects and potential of abuse and diversion. [ 22 ]
Antitussives, or cough suppressants, are substances which suppress the coughing itself. Examples are dextromethorphan, benzonatate, codeine, hydrocodone, pholcodine, noscapine, cloperastine, and butamirate. Antihistamines, for allergic rhinitis, may produce mild sedation and reduce other associated symptoms, like a runny nose and watery eyes.
Guaifenesin might act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi via stimulation of the gastric mucosa. . This stimulation leads to an increased parasympathetic activity in the respiratory tract via the so-called gastro-pulmonary reflex, although some in vitro studies suggested that it might also act directly on the ...
Mucoactive agents—expectorants—include mucolytics, secretolytics and mucokinetics (also called secretomotorics) [3]. Mucolytics: thin (reduce the viscosity of) mucus [2]
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Guaifenesin/codeine is a fixed-dose combination cold medicine used for the treatment of cough. [1] It contains guaifenesin, an expectorant; and codeine, as the phosphate, an opioid antitussive. [1]