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In cryptography, a client certificate is a type of digital certificate that is used by client systems to make authenticated requests to a remote server. [1] Client certificates play a key role in many mutual authentication designs, providing strong assurances of a requester's identity.
The problem is the client does not know where to fetch missing intermediate certificates because the global X.500 directory never materialized. The problem was mitigated by including all intermediate certificates in a request. For example, early web servers only sent the web server's certificate to the client.
Password authentication is less prone than certificate authentication to certain types of configuration mistakes, such as expired certificates or mismatched common name fields. TLS-SRP provides mutual authentication (the client and server both authenticate each other), while TLS with server certificates only authenticates the server to the client.
In addition, the certificate authority that issues the client certificate is usually the service provider to which client connects because it is the provider that needs to perform authentication. Some service providers even offer free SSL certificates as part of their packages. [5]
Mutual authentication is a desired characteristic in verification schemes that transmit sensitive data, in order to ensure data security. [1] [2] Mutual authentication can be accomplished with two types of credentials: usernames and passwords, and public key certificates. Mutual authentication is often employed in the Internet of Things (IoT ...
The client uses the CA certificate to authenticate the CA signature on the server certificate, as part of the authorizations before launching a secure connection. [3] Usually, client software—for example, browsers—include a set of trusted CA certificates. This makes sense, as many users need to trust their client software.
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Some strong authentication protocols for web-based applications that are occasionally used include: Public key authentication (usually implemented with a HTTPS / SSL client certificate) using a client certificate. Kerberos or SPNEGO authentication, employed for example by Microsoft IIS running configured for Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA).