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Gaussian units constitute a metric system of units of measurement. This system is the most common of the several electromagnetic unit systems based on the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). It is also called the Gaussian unit system, Gaussian-cgs units, or often just cgs units.
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx/cm 2 or g/Bi/s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H-field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted .
The CGS system goes back to a proposal in 1832 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to base a system of absolute units on the three fundamental units of length, mass and time. [4] Gauss chose the units of millimetre, milligram and second. [ 5 ]
The statvolt is a unit of voltage and electrical potential used in the CGS-ESU and gaussian systems of units. In terms of its relation to the SI units, one statvolt corresponds to c cgs 10 −8 volt, [a] i.e. to 299.792458 volts. [2] [b] The statvolt is also defined in the CGS system as 1 erg per statcoulomb. [2]
The statcoulomb (statC), franklin (Fr), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the unit of measurement for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS-ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. In terms of the Gaussian base units, it is
The statampere (statA) is the derived electromagnetic unit of electric current in the CGS-ESU (electrostatic cgs) and Gaussian systems of units. [1]:278 One statampere corresponds to 10 / c cgs ampere [Note 1] ≈ 3.335 64 × 10 −10 ampere in the SI system of units.
In the CGS system, the unit of the H-field is the oersted and the unit of the B-field is the gauss.In the SI system, the unit ampere per meter (A/m), which is equivalent to newton per weber, is used for the H-field and the unit of tesla is used for the B-field.
As in the Gaussian system (G), the Heaviside–Lorentz system (HL) uses the length–mass–time dimensions.This means that all of the units of electric and magnetic quantities are expressible in terms of the units of the base quantities length, time and mass.