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Cytochrome b/b6 is an integral membrane protein of approximately 400 amino acid residues that probably has 8 transmembrane segments. In plants and cyanobacteria, cytochrome b6 consists of two protein subunits encoded by the petB and petD genes. Cytochrome b/b6 non-covalently binds two heme groups, known as b562 and b566.
Location of the MT-CYB gene in the human mitochondrial genome (coral box).. Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT-CYB gene. [5] Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase (UQCR, complex III or cytochrome bc 1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MT-CYB (mitochondrial ...
Complex IV contains a cytochrome a/a3-domain that transfers electrons and catalyzes the reaction of oxygen to water. Photosystem II, the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, contains a cytochrome b subunit. Cyclooxygenase 2, an enzyme involved in inflammation, is a cytochrome b protein.
In molecular biology, [1] [2] [3] DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. [4] DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance .
Cytochrome b is a heterodimer of two glycoproteins, gp91phox (also known as the heavy or β chain) and p22phox (the light or α chain).The heavy and light chains are closely associated in phagocytic cells, but while the expression of gp91phox is restricted to these cells, p22phox has been detected in many other cell types [1] and is able to function as a component of NAD(P)H oxidases. [2]
The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.
In Drosophila, where promoter specific CpG Islands are absent, housekeeping gene promoters contain DNA elements like DRE, E-box or DPE. [8] Transcription start sites of housekeeping genes can span over a region of around 100 bp whereas transcription start sites of developmentally regulated genes are usually focused in a narrow region.
The specialized protein cytochrome b5 is a class B cytochrome with a high and low potential heme b attached to the central iron on the protein. [4] The cytochrome b class is especially unique because it is attached to proteins within the inner mitochondrial membrane instead of on the outer portion, and this particular class has high sequence ...