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First- and second-degree tears rarely cause long-term problems. Among women who experience a third- or fourth-degree tear, 60–80% are asymptomatic after 12 months. [ 24 ] Faecal incontinence, faecal urgency, chronic perineal pain, pain with sex, and fistula formation occur in a minority of women, but may be permanent. [ 25 ]
Rates of uterine rupture during vaginal birth following one previous C-section, done by the typical technique, are estimated at 0.9%. [1] Rates are greater among those who have had multiple prior C-sections or an atypical type of C-section. [1] In those who do have uterine scarring, the risk during a vaginal birth is about 1 per 12,000. [1]
In first labours, birth is usually completed within three hours whereas in subsequent labours, birth is usually completed within two hours. [51] Second-stage labours longer than three hours are associated with declining rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery and increasing rates of infection, perineal tears , and obstetric haemorrhage, as well ...
Vaginal tears can occur during childbirth, most often at the introitus as the baby's head passes through, especially if the baby descends quickly. Episiotomies are used in an effort to prevent soft-tissue tearing (perineal tear) which may involve the anal sphincter and rectum. Tears can involve the perineal skin or extend to the muscles and the ...
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is when water breaks both before the onset of labor and before the pregnancy's 37 week gestation. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In the United States, more than 120,000 pregnancies per year are affected by a premature rupture of membranes, which is the cause of about one third of preterm deliveries .
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Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Gen Z grad with 2 degrees breaks down in tears sharing the responses she received from minimum wage employers after handing out her résumé in New York Orianna Rosa Royle February 9, 2024 at 4:01 AM