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Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [ 1 ]
[1] [2]: Overview tab, [8] It results in a baby born without signs of life. [9] A stillbirth can often result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. [10] The term is in contrast to miscarriage, which is an early pregnancy loss, [11] and sudden infant death syndrome, where the baby dies a short time after being born alive. [10]
The term postterm pregnancy is used to describe a condition in which a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the usual 40-week duration of pregnancy. [155] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal malnutrition, and stillbirths. [156]
The baby's gestational age (number of completed weeks of pregnancy) at the time of birth and the baby's weight (also a measure of growth) influence whether the baby will survive. Another major factor is gender: male infants have a slightly higher risk of dying than female infants, [ 41 ] for which various explanations have been proposed.
Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus.This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications.
Advances in fertility technology like egg freezing and in-vitro fertilization have made pregnancy in your 40s and 50s even more possible. Just ask these women.
As the fetal hypothalamus matures, the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis initiates labor through two hormonal mechanisms. The end pathway of both mechanisms lead to contractions in the myometrium, a mechanical cause of placental separation, which is due to the sheer force and contractile and involutive changes that occur within the uterus, distorting the placentome.
Active and quiet periods for the fetus do not correspond to those of the mother; fetuses are most active from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and again from 7 p.m. to 4 a.m. [21] During the last four to six weeks before birth, most of the fetus's kicking and jabbing movements occur while it is sleeping lightly.