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An index normally includes a "key" or direct link to the original row of data from which it was copied, to allow the complete row to be retrieved efficiently. Some databases extend the power of indexing by letting developers create indexes on column values that have been transformed by functions or expressions. For example, an index could be ...
A common use for an expression index is to support case-insensitive searching or constraints. For example, if a web site wants to make user names case-insensitive, but still preserve the case as originally entered by the user, an index can be created on the lower-case representation of the user name: CREATE INDEX users__last_name_lower ON users ...
In relational databases a virtual column is a table column whose value(s) is automatically computed using other columns values, or another deterministic expression. Virtual columns are defined of SQL:2003 as Generated Column, [1] and are only implemented by some DBMSs, like MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite and Firebird (database server) (COMPUTED BY syntax).
Implementations from version 8 of Oracle Database onwards have included features associated with object-orientation. One can create PL/SQL units such as procedures, functions, packages, types, and triggers, which are stored in the database for reuse by applications that use any of the Oracle Database programmatic interfaces.
Oracle Database provides information about all of the tables, views, columns, and procedures in a database. This information about information is known as metadata. [1] It is stored in two locations: data dictionary tables (accessed via built-in views) and a metadata registry.
Here is a non-exhaustive list of typical items found in a data dictionary for columns or fields: Entity or form name or their ID (EntityID or FormID). The group this field belongs to. Field name, such as RDBMS field name; Displayed field title. May default to field name if blank. Field type (string, integer, date, etc.)
Views take very little space to store; the database contains only the definition of a view, not a copy of all the data that it presents. Views structure data in a way that classes of users find natural and intuitive. [2] Just as a function (in programming) can provide abstraction, so can a database view. In another parallel with functions ...
In a relational database, the schema defines the tables, fields, relationships, views, indexes, packages, procedures, functions, queues, triggers, types, sequences, materialized views, synonyms, database links, directories, XML schemas, and other elements. A database generally stores its schema in a data dictionary. Although a schema is defined ...