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  2. Curl (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(mathematics)

    The curl at a point in the field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation. [1] The curl of a field is formally defined as the circulation density at each point of the field. A vector field whose curl is zero is called irrotational.

  3. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    C: curl, G: gradient, L: Laplacian, CC: curl of curl. Each arrow is labeled with the result of an identity, specifically, the result of applying the operator at the arrow's tail to the operator at its head. The blue circle in the middle means curl of curl exists, whereas the other two red circles (dashed) mean that DD and GG do not exist.

  4. Del - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del

    Del is a very convenient mathematical notation for those three operations (gradient, divergence, and curl) that makes many equations easier to write and remember. The del symbol (or nabla) can be formally defined as a vector operator whose components are the corresponding partial derivative operators.

  5. Divergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergence

    The divergence of the curl of any vector field (in three dimensions) is equal to zero: ∇ ⋅ ( ∇ × F ) = 0. {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot (\nabla \times \mathbf {F} )=0.} If a vector field F with zero divergence is defined on a ball in R 3 , then there exists some vector field G on the ball with F = curl G .

  6. Directional statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_statistics

    Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, R n), axes (lines through the origin in R n) or rotations in R n. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the ...

  7. Conservative vector field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_vector_field

    This result can be derived from the vorticity transport equation, obtained by taking the curl of the Navier–Stokes equations. For a two-dimensional field, the vorticity acts as a measure of the local rotation of fluid elements. The vorticity does not imply anything about the global behavior of a fluid. It is possible for a fluid that travels ...

  8. Notation in probability and statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_in_probability...

    Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.

  9. List of mathematical abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical...

    RMS, rms – root mean square. rng – non-unital ring. rot – rotor of a vector field. (Also written as curl.) rowsp – row space of a matrix. RTP – required to prove. RV – random variable. (Also written as R.V.)