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A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
A Unicode character is assigned a unique Name (na). [1] The name is composed of uppercase letters A–Z, digits 0–9, hyphen-minus and space.Some sequences are excluded: names beginning with a space or hyphen, names ending with a space or hyphen, repeated spaces or hyphens, and space after hyphen are not allowed.
Code points are commonly used in character encoding, where a code point is a numerical value that maps to a specific character.In character encoding code points usually represent a single grapheme—usually a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or whitespace—but sometimes represent symbols, control characters, or formatting. [4]
An abstract character repertoire (ACR) is the full set of abstract characters that a system supports. Unicode has an open repertoire, meaning that new characters will be added to the repertoire over time. A coded character set (CCS) is a function that maps characters to code points (each code point represents one character). For example, in a ...
The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. [1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. [1] Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks are dedicated to, or ...
In Unicode, a Private Use Area (PUA) is a range of code points that, by definition, will not be assigned characters by the standard. [1] Three private use areas are defined: one in the Basic Multilingual Plane (U+E000–U+F8FF), and one each in, and nearly covering, planes 15 and 16 (U+F0000–U+FFFFD, U+100000–U+10FFFD).
A Unicode code point from the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), i.e. a code point in the range U+0000 to U+FFFF, is encoded in the same way as in UTF-8. A Unicode supplementary character, i.e. a code point in the range U+10000 to U+10FFFF, is first represented as a surrogate pair, like in UTF-16, and then each surrogate code point is encoded in ...
The Unicode Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 jointly collaborate on the list of the characters in the Universal Coded Character Set.The Universal Coded Character Set, most commonly called the Universal Character Set (abbr. UCS, official designation: ISO/IEC 10646), is an international standard to map characters, discrete symbols used in natural language, mathematics, music, and other ...