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Microcephalin (MCPH1) is a gene that is expressed during fetal brain development. Certain mutations in MCPH1 , when homozygous , cause primary microcephaly —a severely diminished brain . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Hence, it has been assumed that variants have a role in brain development.
Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein, also known as abnormal spindle protein homolog or Asp homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASPM gene. [5] ASPM is located on chromosome 1, band q31 (1q31). [6] The ASPM gene contains 28 exons and codes for a 3477 amino-acid-long protein. [6]
ZEB2 is a protein- coding gene in the Homo sapien species. A 2021 study found that a delayed change in the shape of early brain cells causes the distinctly large human forebrain compared to other apes and identify ZEB2 as a genetic regulator of it, whose manipulation lead to acquisition of nonhuman ape cortical architecture in brain organoids .
The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the "combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level".
Forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOXP2 gene. FOXP2 is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA. It is expressed in the brain, heart, lungs and digestive system. [5] [6]
1277 12842 Ensembl ENSG00000108821 ENSMUSG00000001506 UniProt P02452 P11087 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000088 NM_007742 RefSeq (protein) NP_000079 NP_031768 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 50.18 – 50.2 Mb Chr 11: 94.83 – 94.84 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Collagen, type I, alpha 1, also known as alpha-1 type I collagen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL1A1 gene ...
However, the proposed connection between a single gene and a single protein enzyme outlived the protein theory of gene structure. In a 1948 paper, Norman Horowitz named the concept the "one gene–one enzyme hypothesis". [2] Although influential, the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis was not unchallenged.
A typical operon. In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. [1] The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene product.