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This can be seen in the vowels in word-pairs such as rid / r ɪ d / and ride / r aɪ d /, in which the presence of the final, unpronounced e appears to alter the sound of the preceding i . An example with consonants is the word-pair loath (loʊθ) and loathe (loʊð), where the e can be understood as a marker of a voiced th .
Certain words, like piñata, jalapeño and quinceañera, are usually kept intact. In many instances the ñ is replaced with the plain letter n. In words of German origin (e.g. doppelgänger), the letters with umlauts ä, ö, ü may be written ae, oe, ue. [14] This could be seen in many newspapers during World War II, which printed Fuehrer for ...
Note that some words contain an ae which may not be written æ because the etymology is not from the Greek -αι-or Latin -ae-diphthongs. These include: In instances of aer (starting or within a word) when it makes the sound IPA [ɛə]/[eə] (air). Comes from the Latin āër, Greek ἀήρ. When ae makes the diphthong / eɪ / (lay) or / aɪ ...
Tense vowels are distinguished from lax vowels with a "silent" e that is added at the end of words. Thus, a in hat is lax /æ/, but when e is added in the word hate a is tense /eɪ/. Heavy and tense-r vowels follow a similar pattern, e.g. ar in car is heavy /ɑːr/, ar followed by silent e in care is /ɛər/.
Few common words have the cei spelling handled by the rule: verbs ending -ceive and their derivatives (perceive, deceit, transceiver, receipts, etc.), and ceiling. The BBC trivia show QI claimed there were 923 words spelled cie , 21 times the number of words that conform to the rule's stated exception by being written with cei . [ 36 ]
Demonyms ending in -ese are the same in the singular and plural forms. The ending -man has feminine equivalent -woman (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding 'e' ( -oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( -oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine.