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Many birth mothers continue to mourn the loss of their child but with varying intensity. It is not until a mother actually places her child for adoption that she experiences what Julie Axelrod believes is similar to the five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
A child's relationship with its parents has significant influence on the nature of social, psychological and emotional development of the child. [14] Empirical research also shows that disruption in relationship between child and its parents has adverse effects on a child's development. [8]
Abandoned child syndrome is a proposed behavioral or psychological condition that is said to result from the loss of one or both parents. Abandonment may be physical or emotional ; that is, the parent may abandon the child by failing to be present in their life, or by withholding affection, nurturing, or stimulation. [ 1 ]
The Problem Child, Rebel, or Truth Teller: [13] the child who a) causes most problems related to the family's dysfunction or b) "acts out" in response to preexisting family dysfunction, in the latter case often in an attempt to divert attention paid to another member who exhibits a pattern of similar misbehavior.
However, the main focus of the monograph was on the more extreme forms of deprivation. The focus was the child's developing relationships with his mother and father and disturbed parent–child relationships in the context of almost complete deprivation rather than the earlier concept of the "broken home" as such. [3]
Many of the studies that have shown the negative effects of a father's absence on children have not taken into account other factors that potentially contribute such as the child's characteristics and relationship with the parents before the separation, the child's gender, and the family environment before the separation. [1]
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2011), there were 408,425 youth in the United States in foster care in 2010. [2] Foster care is a division of child welfare services that places a child in an interim home when parents or guardians are unable or unwilling to adequately care for the child [3] or when the child has experienced a trauma by the guardians or parents. [2]
Across cultures the loss of a parent is consistently rated as one of the most difficult experiences that a child will endure. [7] In western countries, 5% of children will experience the loss of a parent. [8] [9] Across the world, the loss of a parent is seen as a significant life event for a child. [7]