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In the 1980s, monitored neutrino beams were built in the USSR in the framework of the "tagged neutrino beam facility". [7] This facility did not reach a flux sufficient to feed neutrino experiments and was later descoped to a tagged kaon beam facility. Current neutrino beams record muons but they have not reached single-particle sensitivity.
The muon neutrino is an elementary particle which has the symbol ν μ and zero electric charge. Together with the muon it forms the second generation of leptons, hence the name muon neutrino. It was discovered in 1962 by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. The discovery was rewarded with the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.
T2K is the first experiment in which the concept of off-axis neutrino beam was realized. The neutrino beam at J-PARC is designed so that it can be directed 2 to 3 degrees away from the Super-Kamiokande far detector and one of the near detectors, ND280. The average energy of neutrinos decreases with the deviation from the beam axis.
The accelerator neutrino beam is a wide beam that has no clear boundaries, because the neutrinos in it do not move in parallel, but have a certain angular distribution. However, the farther from the axis (centre) of the beam, the smaller is the number of neutrinos, but also the distribution of energy changes.
The Muon Collider project is even more ambitious than the Neutrino Factory. In the Muon Collider, the muons will be inserted into a very high-energy collider ring, aiming to reach higher concentrations of energy than even the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (first collisions produced in 2010) or perhaps even the Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC ...
ENUBET studies all technical and physics challenges to demonstrate the feasibility of a monitored neutrino beam: [9] it has built a full-scale demonstrator of the instrumented decay tunnel (3 m length and partial azimuthal coverage) and assesses costs and physics reach of the proposed facility. The first end-to-end simulation of the ENUBET ...
A magnetic horn or neutrino horn (also known as the Van der Meer horn) is a high-current, pulsed focusing device, invented by the Dutch physicist Simon van der Meer in CERN, that selects pions and focuses them into a sharp beam. The original application of the magnetic horn was in the context of neutrino physics, where beams of pions have to be ...
On 31 May 2010, OPERA researchers observed the first tau neutrino candidate event in a muon neutrino beam. [4] On 6 June 2012, OPERA announced the observation of a second tau neutrino event. [5] On 26 March 2013, the experiment caught for the third time a muon neutrino oscillating into a tau neutrino during travel from CERN to LNGS. [6]