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The Code contains both mandatory regulations and recommended provisions, setting out the minimum stability standards for ships. [6] This includes information on precautions against capsizing, metacentric heights (GM), righting levers (GZ), rolling criteria, Free surface effect and watertight integrity. [1]
The Cape Town Agreement defines minimum requirements on the design, construction and equipment of fishing vessels. [1] It also includes details for the inspection of fishing vessels, as well as mandatory requirements for ship stability, seaworthiness, life-saving appliances, fire safety, ventilation and communication equipment.
Generally these Coast Guard rules concern a minimum metacentric height or a minimum righting moment. Because different countries may have different requirements for the minimum metacentric height, most ships are now fitted with stability computers that calculate this distance on the fly based on the cargo or crew loading.
The metacentric height is an approximation for the vessel stability at a small angle (0-15 degrees) of heel. Beyond that range, the stability of the vessel is dominated by what is known as a righting moment. Depending on the geometry of the hull, naval architects must iteratively calculate the center of buoyancy at increasing angles of heel.
The stability conditions of watercraft are the various standard loading configurations to which a ship, boat, or offshore platform may be subjected. They are recognized by classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas , Lloyd's Register and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
An inclining test is a test performed on a ship to determine its stability, lightship weight and the coordinates of its center of gravity.The test is applied to newly constructed ships greater than 24m in length, and to ships altered in ways that could affect stability.
The Code covers specific ship stability requirements for grain ships to prevent dangerous stability from the shifting of grain. [1] [3] Ships are required to be issued with a Document of Authorisation (SOA) and a Grain Loading Manual. [1]
The IMO Cape Town Agreement is an international International Maritime Organization legal instrument established in 2012, that sets out minimum safety requirements for fishing vessels of 24 metres in length and over or equivalent in gross tons. [57]