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Compared to traditional solid slabs, the reduced self-weight of biaxial slabs allows for longer spans and/or reduced deck thickness. The overall mass of concrete can be reduced by 35–50% depending on the design, [ 1 ] as a consequence of reduced slab mass, as well as lower requirements for vertical structure and foundations.
The traditional decking material is pressure-treated wood. The current material many contractors choose to use is composite decking. This material is typically made from wood–plastic composite or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). Such materials do not warp, crack, or split and are as versatile as traditional pressure treated wood.
A timber bridge or wooden bridge is a bridge that uses timber or wood as its principal structural material. One of the first forms of bridge, those of timber have been used since ancient times. Wooden bridges could be a deck-only structure or a deck with a roof. Wooden bridges were often a single span, but could be of multiple spans.
A grid deck uses beams and diaphragms as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck.
Thousands of orthotropic deck bridges are in existence throughout the world. Despite the savings and advantages (up to 25% of total bridge mass can be saved by reducing deck weight, as the weight reductions extend to cables, towers, piers, anchorages, and so forth), the US has only about 60 such bridge decks in use as of late 2005.
The design was called "NEXT D" with 8-inch (20 cm) flange thickness that does not require deck topping, allowing the wearing surface to be applied directly on to the beams. The combination of F and D called "NEXT E" was introduced in 2016. [10] [11] Concerns of using double tees in bridge constructions include bridge deck longitudinal cracks ...