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The fundamental structure of a cerebroside is ceramide. Monoglycosyl and oligoglycosylceramides having a mono or polysaccharide bonded glycosidically to the terminal OH group of ceramide are defined as cerebrosides. Sphingosine is the main long-chain base present in ceramide. Galactosylceramide is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue.
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond. Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer. [1]
Structure of ceramide, galactosylceramide and glucosylceramide. Galactose or glucose sugars can be attached to a hydroxyl group of ceramide lipids in a different form of O-glycosylation, as it does not occur on proteins. [6] This forms glycosphingolipids, which are important for the localisation of receptors in membranes. [8]
Ceramide glucosyltransferase (or glucosylceramide synthase) is a glucosyltransferase enzyme involved in the production of glucocerebrosides (also called glucosylceramides). ). It is responsible for the first step in synthesis of all glycosphingolipids—critical components of cell membranes—from sphingolipids, attaching a glucose molecule (glycosylation) to produce a glucocerebroside product
In Gaucher's disease, the enzyme glucocerebrosidase is nonfunctional and cannot break down glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome. [1] Affected macrophages, called Gaucher cells, have a distinct appearance similar to "wrinkled tissue paper" under light microscopy, because the substrates build-up within the lysosome.
A recent study even found that people who consumed 7 grams (or 1.4 teaspoons) per day of EVOO had a 28% lower risk of dementia-related deaths compared to participants who never or rarely consumed ...
The brain may contain higher -- and more significant -- amounts of microplastics than other organs in the body, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of New Mexico Health ...
The structural similarity of most glycolipids is the so-called lactosylceramide, that is, a lactose disaccharide that is glycosidically bound to a ceramide. Larger structures are subdivided into different groups by the sequence and configuration of the sugars, the four most common being globo-, lacto-, neoLacto- and gangliose.