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A method for nitrogen fixation was first described by Henry Cavendish in 1784 using electric arcs reacting nitrogen and oxygen in air. This method was implemented in the Birkeland–Eyde process of 1903. [73] The fixation of nitrogen by lightning is a very similar natural occurring process.
In return, nitrogen fixed in heterocysts moves into the vegetative cells, at least in part in the form of amino acids. [2] The fern Azolla forms a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the plant access to this essential nutrient.
This symbiotic relationship is exploited by humans in agriculture. In Asia, Azolla plants containing Anabaena species are used as biofertilizer where nitrogen is limiting [8] as well as in animal feed. [9] Different strains of Azolla-Anabaena are suited for different environments and may lead to differences in crop production. [10]
Azolla may contain this substance that is a possible cause of neurodegenerative diseases, including causing ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. [29] [30] [31] Azolla has been suggested as a foodstuff for human consumption, however, no long-term studies of the safety of eating Azolla have been made on humans. [32]
Diazotroph fertilizer is a kind of biofertilizer that can use nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to convert molecular nitrogen (N 2) into ammonia (which is the formation of nitrogen available for the crops to use). These nitrogen nutrients then can be used in the process of protein synthesis for the plants.
Trichormus azollae, syn. Anabaena azollae [6] with heterocyst of Azolla sp.. Azolla nilotica has a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria that fix gaseous nitrogen into nitrate, of a species that has variously been called Anabaena azollae, Nostoc azollae or Trichormus azollae.
The modern fern Azolla filiculoides.Blooms of a related species may have pulled the Earth into the current icehouse world.. The Azolla event is a paleoclimatology scenario hypothesized to have occurred in the middle Eocene epoch, [1] around , when blooms of the carbon-fixing freshwater fern Azolla are thought to have happened in the Arctic Ocean.
Azolla filiculoides (water fern) is a species of aquatic fern. It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Americas , and has been introduced to Europe , North and sub-Saharan Africa , China , Japan , New Zealand , Australia , the Caribbean and Hawaii .