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  2. Upper half-plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_half-plane

    The uniformization theorem for surfaces states that the upper half-plane is the universal covering space of surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature. The closed upper half-plane is the union of the upper half-plane and the real axis. It is the closure of the upper half-plane.

  3. Half-space (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-space_(geometry)

    A half-space can be either open or closed. An open half-space is either of the two open sets produced by the subtraction of a hyperplane from the affine space. A closed half-space is the union of an open half-space and the hyperplane that defines it. The open (closed) upper half-space is the half-space of all (x 1, x 2, ..., x n) such that x n > 0

  4. Modular group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_group

    Two points in the upper half-plane give isomorphic elliptic curves if and only if they are related by a transformation in the modular group. Thus, the quotient of the upper half-plane by the action of the modular group is the so-called moduli space of elliptic curves: a space whose points describe isomorphism classes of elliptic curves. This is ...

  5. Hardy space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_space

    In complex analysis, the Hardy spaces (or Hardy classes) are spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disk or upper half plane.They were introduced by Frigyes Riesz (), who named them after G. H. Hardy, because of the paper ().

  6. Fuchsian model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsian_model

    The proof is very simple: choose an homeomorphism () and lift it to the hyperbolic plane. Taking a diffeomorphism yields quasi-conformal map since is compact.. This result can be seen as the equivalence between two models for Teichmüller space of : the set of discrete faithful representations of the fundamental group () into () modulo conjugacy and the set of marked Riemann surfaces (,) where ...

  7. Fuchsian group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsian_group

    In mathematics, a Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of PSL(2,R).The group PSL(2,R) can be regarded equivalently as a group of orientation-preserving isometries of the hyperbolic plane, or conformal transformations of the unit disc, or conformal transformations of the upper half plane, so a Fuchsian group can be regarded as a group acting on any of these spaces.

  8. Cayley transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley_transform

    Cayley transform of upper complex half-plane to unit disk. On the upper half of the complex plane, the Cayley transform is: [1] [2] = +.Since {,,} is mapped to {,,}, and Möbius transformations permute the generalised circles in the complex plane, maps the real line to the unit circle.

  9. Farhang-e-Asifiya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhang-e-Asifiya

    Farhang-e-Asifiya (Urdu: فرہنگ آصفیہ, lit. 'The Dictionary of Asif') is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary compiled by Syed Ahmad Dehlvi. [1] It has more than 60,000 entries in four volumes. [2] It was first published in January 1901 by Rifah-e-Aam Press in Lahore, present-day Pakistan. [3] [4]