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Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose ... 0.25 hr (15 min); up to 54 minutes until offset of effects ... and 0.160 mg/kg (dissociative ...
[5] [18] It binds to plasma proteins at a rate of 99.5%; it has a low volume of distribution (9 L/kg) and is thus not extensively absorbed. [5] [10] Subcutaneously administered maropitant had peak plasma concentration around half an hour after administration; the mean half-life is 6–8 hours, and a single dose lasts 24 hours in dogs. [10]
Apomorphine has a high clearance rate (3–5 L/kg/hr) and is mainly metabolized and excreted by the liver. [24] It is likely that while the cytochrome P450 system plays a minor role, most of apomorphine's metabolism happens via auto-oxidation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation, N-demethylation, and sulfation.
Notably, apomorphine is used in veterinary clinics as an emetic due to severe off-target effects that lead to vomiting. [29] In another study, mice were administered a single 40 mg/kg dose of apomorphine. Slight DNA damage was observed in brain tissue three hours after treatment. [30]
Q is the urine flow (volume/time) [mL/min] (often [mL/24 h]) C B is the plasma concentration [mmol/L] (in the USA often [mg/mL]) When the substance "C" is creatinine, an endogenous chemical that is excreted only by filtration, the clearance is an approximation of the glomerular filtration rate .
So, the maintenance dose of foosporin is 100 milligrams (100 mg) per day—just enough to offset the amount cleared. Suppose a patient just started taking 100 mg of foosporin every day. On the first day, they'd have 100 mg in their system; their body would clear 10 mg, leaving 90 mg.
amitriptyline – tricyclic antidepressant used to treat separation anxiety, excessive grooming dogs and cats; amlodipine – calcium channel blocker used to decrease blood pressure; amoxicillin – antibacterial; apomorphine – emetic (used to induce vomiting) artificial tears – lubricant eye drops used as a tear supplement
Short term drug side effects are most likely to occur at or near the C max, whereas the therapeutic effect of drug with sustained duration of action usually occurs at concentrations slightly above the C min. [citation needed] The C max is often measured in an effort to show bioequivalence (BE) between a generic and innovator drug product. [4]