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In business and for engineering economics in both industrial engineering and civil engineering practice, the minimum acceptable rate of return, often abbreviated MARR, or hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return on a project a manager or company is willing to accept before starting a project, given its risk and the opportunity cost of forgoing other projects. [1]
The structural cut-off is a concept in network science which imposes a degree cut-off in the degree distribution of a finite size network due to structural limitations (such as the simple graph property). Networks with vertices with degree higher than the structural cut-off will display structural disassortativity.
4 Cutoff rate. 5 References. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; ... (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio) is a normalized signal-to-noise ratio ...
The half-power point is the point at which the output power has dropped to half of its peak value; that is, at a level of approximately −3 dB. [1] [a]In filters, optical filters, and electronic amplifiers, [2] the half-power point is also known as half-power bandwidth and is a commonly used definition for the cutoff frequency.
Filtering in the context of large eddy simulation (LES) is a mathematical operation intended to remove a range of small scales from the solution to the Navier-Stokes equations. Because the principal difficulty in simulating turbulent flows comes from the wide range of length and time scales, this operation makes turbulent flow simulation ...
The cutoff frequency is found with the characteristic equation of the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic waves, which is derived from the electromagnetic wave equation by setting the longitudinal wave number equal to zero and solving for the frequency. Thus, any exciting frequency lower than the cutoff frequency will attenuate, rather than ...
In digital signal processing (DSP), a normalized frequency is a ratio of a variable frequency and a constant frequency associated with a system (such as a sampling rate, ). Some software applications require normalized inputs and produce normalized outputs, which can be re-scaled to physical units when necessary.
The response value of the Gaussian filter at this cut-off frequency equals exp(−0.5) ≈ 0.607. However, it is more common to define the cut-off frequency as the half power point: where the filter response is reduced to 0.5 (−3 dB) in the power spectrum, or 1/ √ 2 ≈ 0.707 in the amplitude spectrum (see e.g. Butterworth filter ).