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A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
They are ubiquitous in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts. They are found in every part of the Earth's lithosphere, from the top of mountains to the bottom of oceanic trenches. [51] By count they represent 90% of all animals on the ocean floor. [52]
The mass of this world ocean is 1.35 × 10 18 metric tons or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The world ocean covers an area of 3.618 × 10 8 km 2 with a mean depth of 3682 m, resulting in an estimated volume of 1.332 × 10 9 km 3. [17] If all of Earth's crustal surface was at the same elevation as a smooth sphere, the depth of the resulting ...
A whole new world: Surprising ecosystem thriving under sea floor. The study authors found the tubeworms and other species living in warm, fluid-filled cavities more than 2,500 meters, or 1.5 miles ...
There are 3,000-plus types of nudibranchs in the ocean. The nudibranch is a carnivorous mollusk that can appear strikingly beautiful or drab. There are 3,000-plus types of nudibranchs in the ocean.
From shallow waters to the deep sea, the open ocean to rivers and lakes, numerous terrestrial and marine species depend on the surface ecosystem and the organisms found there. [28] The ocean's surface acts like a skin between the atmosphere above and the water below, and harbours an ecosystem unique to this environment.
The ocean covers 70 percent of our Earth. However, nearly 95 percent its waters remain unexplored and unseen by human eyes, according to the National Ocean Service.It is nearly impossible to map ...
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, ocean floor, and ocean bottom) is the bottom of the ocean. All floors of the ocean are known as 'seabeds'. The structure of the seabed of the global ocean is governed by plate tectonics. Most of the ocean is very deep, where the seabed is known as the abyssal plain. Seafloor spreading creates ...