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A numbers station is a shortwave radio station characterized by broadcasts of formatted numbers, which are believed to be addressed to intelligence officers operating in foreign countries. [1] Most identified stations use speech synthesis to vocalize numbers, although digital modes such as phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying , as well ...
The military services formed a "Joint Operating Plan" to cover 1946-1949, but this had its disadvantages. The situation became a good deal more complex with the passage of the National Security Act of 1947, which created a separate Air Force and Central Intelligence Agency, as well as unifying the military services under a Secretary of Defense.
The Sprach-Morse Generator, the machine mistaken for a young girl speaking in German. Swedish Rhapsody was a Polish numbers station, operated by the Ministry of Public Security (later Office of State Protection and Foreign Intelligence Agency) that used AM broadcasting and operated between the late 1950s and 1998. [2]
During World War II, the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) was created to intercept and decipher the communications of the Axis powers. [27] When the war ended, the SIS was reorganized as the Army Security Agency (ASA), and it was placed under the leadership of the Director of Military Intelligence. [27]
Klaus Fuchs, exposed in 1950, is considered to have been the most valuable of the atomic spies during the Manhattan Project.. Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (c. 1947–1991) between the Western allies (primarily the US and Western Europe) and the Eastern Bloc (primarily the Soviet Union and allied countries of the Warsaw Pact). [1]
Created in the late 1960s to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies during the Cold War, the ECHELON project became formally established in 1971. [5] [6] By the end of the 20th century, it had greatly expanded. [7]
• Fake email addresses - Malicious actors sometimes send from email addresses made to look like an official email address but in fact is missing a letter(s), misspelled, replaces a letter with a lookalike number (e.g. “O” and “0”), or originates from free email services that would not be used for official communications.
However, after the Cold War, the number of numbers stations greatly decreased. [8] The Lincolnshire Poacher remained operating after the end of the Cold War, and continued to be broadcast into the next two decades. [4] Akrotiri, Cyprus, the believed location of the Lincolnshire Poacher's broadcasts and radio antennas.