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A waveguide junction circulator used as an isolator by placing a matched load on port 3. The label on the permanent magnet indicates the direction of circulation. Microwave circulators fall into two main classes: differential phase shift circulators and junction circulators, both of which are based on cancellation of waves propagating over two different paths in or near magnetized ferrite ...
Symbol for a 3-Port Circulator. In electrical engineering, an active circulator is an active non-reciprocal three-port device that couples a microwave or radio-frequency signal only to an adjacent port in the direction of circulation. Other (external) circuitry connects to the circulator ports via transmission lines.
Optical Circulator symbol. An optical circulator is a three- or four-port optical device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1 but instead exits from port 3.
Port 1 is the input port where power is applied. Port 3 is the coupled port where a portion of the power applied to port 1 appears. Port 2 is the transmitted port where the power from port 1 is outputted, less the portion that went to port 3. Directional couplers are frequently symmetrical so there also exists port 4, the isolated port.
Port 3 is called the H-plane port, and is also called the Σ port, sum port or the P-port (for "parallel"). Port 4 is the E-plane port, and is also called the Δ port, difference port, or S-port (for "series"). There is no one single established convention regarding the numbering of the ports.
In acoustical engineering, an acoustic circulator is a non-reciprocal three-port device that couples airborne sound waves only to an adjacent port in the direction of circulation. Compared to radio frequency (RF) and microwave circulators , acoustic circulators are for airborne sound waves rather than for RF and microwave electromagnetic signals.
So to within a phase-factor, the scattering matrix for a three-port circulator is = A two-port isolator is obtained simply by terminating one of the three ports with a matched load, which absorbs all the power entering it. The biased ferrite is part of the circulator and causes a differential phase-shift for signals travelling in different ...
A diplexer frequency multiplexes two ports onto one port, but more than two ports may be multiplexed. A three-port to one-port multiplexer is known as a triplexer, and a four-port to one-port multiplexer is a quadplexer or quadruplexer. A typical diplexer may have around 30 dB isolation between its L and H ports.
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