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Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
The Roman world and the Dacian kingdom of Burebista in 49 BC at the outbreak of the Roman civil war Burebista , after reorganizing the state internally, reformed the army , creating a complex and solid system of fortifications in the Orăștie Mountains , around the capital, Sarmizegetusa Regia , and the center of the new state.
A Dacian kingdom that united the Dacians and the Getae was formed under the rule of Burebista in 82 BC and lasted until the Roman conquest in AD 106. As a result of the wars with the Roman Empire , after the conquest of Dacia, the population was dispersed, and the capital city, Sarmizegetusa Regia , was destroyed by the Romans.
Constant raiding by the tribes into the adjacent provinces of Moesia and Pannonia caused the local governors and the emperors to undertake a number of punitive actions against the Dacians. [1] All of this kept the Roman Empire and the Dacians in constant social, diplomatic, and political interaction during much of the late pre-Roman period. [1]
Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire.
Dacian towns and fortresses with the dava ending, covering Dacia, Moesia, Thrace and Dalmatia. This is a list of ancient Dacian towns and fortresses from all the territories once inhabited by Dacians, Getae and Moesi. The large majority of them are located in the traditional territory of the Dacian Kingdom at the time of Burebista.
Map of Roman Dacia showing Costoboci to the north.. The Costoboci (/ ˌ k ɒ s t ə ˈ b oʊ s aɪ /; Latin: Costoboci, Costobocae, Castabocae, Coisstoboci, Ancient Greek: Κοστωβῶκοι, Κοστουβῶκοι, Κοιστοβῶκοι [1] or Κιστοβῶκοι [2]) were a Dacian tribe located, during the Roman imperial era, between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniester.
The Daco-Roman mixing theory, as an origin for the Romanian people, was formulated by the earliest Romanian scholars, beginning with Dosoftei from Moldavia, in the 17th century, [1] followed in the early 1700s in Transylvania, through the Romanian Uniate clergy [2] and in Wallachia, by the historian Constantin Cantacuzino in his Istoria Țării Rumânești dintru început ("History of ...