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Geopotential height differs from geometric height (as given by a tape measure) because Earth's gravity is not constant, varying markedly with altitude and latitude; thus, a 1-m geopotential height difference implies a different vertical distance in physical space: "the unit-mass must be lifted higher at the equator than at the pole, if the same ...
Dynamic height is a way of specifying the vertical position of a point above a vertical datum; it is an alternative for orthometric height or normal height. It can be computed by dividing the location's geopotential number by the normal gravity at 45 degree latitude and zero height, a constant value (9.806199203 m/s 2 ). [ 1 ]
For an ideal gas (see gas laws), the stability criterion for an air column is that potential temperature increases monotonically with height. To understand this, consider dry convection in the atmosphere, where the vertical variation in pressure is substantial and adiabatic temperature change is important: As a parcel of air moves upward, the ...
Pressure as a function of the height above the sea level. There are two equations for computing pressure as a function of height. The first equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed to vary with altitude at a non null lapse rate of : = [,, ()] ′, The second equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed not to ...
The concept of potential temperature applies to any stratified fluid. It is most frequently used in the atmospheric sciences and oceanography. [2] The reason that it is used in both fields is that changes in pressure can result in warmer fluid residing under colder fluid – examples being dropping air temperature with altitude and increasing water temperature with depth in very deep ocean ...
Gravity is computed on the ellipsoid surface using the International Gravity Formula. For studies of subsurface structure, the free-air anomaly is further adjusted by a correction for the mass below the measurement point and above the reference of mean sea level or a local datum elevation. [3] This defines the Bouguer anomaly.
A physical interpretation is a height that a quantity of fuel could lift itself in the Earth's gravity field (assumed constant) by converting its chemical energy into potential energy. Z f {\displaystyle Z_{f}} for kerosene jet fuel is 2,376 nautical miles (4,400 km) or about 69% of the Earth's radius .
With the concept of combination, we could calculate how many ways there are to arrange into the set of boxes, where the order of balls within each box isn’t tracked. First, we select N a {\displaystyle N_{a}} balls from a total of N {\displaystyle N} balls to place into box a {\displaystyle a} , and continue to select for each box from the ...