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Section B contains 4 questions where students are given the choice to answer 3 out of 4 of them. Section C contains 4 questions where students are only required to answer 2 out of 4 of the given questions. All Section C questions are based on the same chapters every year and are thus predictable.
All superlative indices produce similar results and are generally the favored formulas for calculating price indices. [14] A superlative index is defined technically as "an index that is exact for a flexible functional form that can provide a second-order approximation to other twice-differentiable functions around the same point."
In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number x is written as
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It is common convention to use greek indices when writing expressions involving tensors in Minkowski space, while Latin indices are reserved for Euclidean space. Well-formulated expressions are constrained by the rules of Einstein summation : any index may appear at most twice and furthermore a raised index must contract with a lowered index.
Suppose there are m regression equations = +, =, …,. Here i represents the equation number, r = 1, …, R is the individual observation, and we are taking the transpose of the column vector.
In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b being real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P.
In mathematics, an infinite periodic continued fraction is a simple continued fraction that can be placed in the form = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + where the initial block [;, …,] of k+1 partial denominators is followed by a block [+, +, …, +] of m partial denominators that repeats ad infinitum.