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Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion or volume contraction, is a state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. [1] This may be due to either a loss of both salt and water or a decrease in blood volume. [2] [3] Hypovolemia refers to the loss of extracellular fluid and should not be confused with dehydration. [4]
Intravascular volume depletion is divided into three types based on the blood sodium level: Isonatremic (normal blood sodium levels) Example: a child with diarrhea, because both water and sodium are lost in diarrhea. Hyponatremic (abnormally low blood sodium levels). Example: a child with diarrhea who has been given tap water to replete ...
Stedman's Medical Dictionary is a medical dictionary developed for medical students, physicians, researchers, and medical language specialists. Entries include medical terms , abbreviations , acronyms , measurements , and more.
Volume contraction is a decrease in the volume of body fluid, including the dissolved substances that maintain osmotic balance . The loss of the water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration .
Crystalloid fluid resuscitation is preferred over colloid solutions for severe volume depletion not due to bleeding. The type of crystalloid used to resuscitate the patient can be individualized based on the patients' chemistries, estimated volume of resuscitation, acid/base status, and physician or institutional preferences.
Black's Medical Dictionary (42nd ed, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-0419-4) is a comprehensive medical dictionary featuring definitions of medical terms, concepts and conditions, published by A & C Black Publishers. It was first published in 1906, and is now in its forty-second edition. It is considered a simplified home reference for medical terms. [1]
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
the physiologic response to a decrease in kidney perfusion is an increase in sodium reabsorption to control hyponatremia, often caused by volume depletion or decrease in effective circulating volume (e.g. low output heart failure). above 2% [citation needed] or 3% [2] acute tubular necrosis or other kidney damage (postrenal disease)