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A twin boundary is a defect that introduces a plane of mirror symmetry in the ordering of a crystal. For example, in cubic close-packed crystals, the stacking sequence of a twin boundary would be ABCABCBACBA. On planes of single crystals, steps between atomically flat terraces can also be regarded as planar defects.
Although the criterion for deformation twin growth is not entirely understood, it is a tip-controlled phenomenon linked to the interaction between the residual and mobile twin partials at the twin interface; thermodynamically, this involves the elastic energy of the strained lattice, the interface and volume free-energy of the twin, and the ...
Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure, and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. Most grain boundaries are preferred sites for the onset of corrosion [1] and for the precipitation of new phases from the solid. They are also important to many of the mechanisms of creep. [2]
On either side of this domain, the lattice is still perfect, and the boundaries of the domain are referred to as antiphase boundaries. [1] Crucially, crystals on either side of an antiphase boundary are related by a translation, rather than a reflection (a crystal twin ) or an inversion (an inversion domain ).
As the partial dislocations repel, stacking fault is created in between. By nature of stacking fault being a defect, it has higher energy than that of a perfect crystal, so acts to attract the partial dislocations together again. When this attractive force balance the repulsive force described above, the defects are in equilibrium state. [4]
The three-state Potts CFT, also known as the parafermion CFT, is a conformal field theory in two dimensions. It is a minimal model with central charge = /.It is considered to be the simplest minimal model with a non-diagonal partition function in Virasoro characters, as well as the simplest non-trivial CFT with the W-algebra as a symmetry.
The terminology of a topological defect vs. a topological soliton, or even just a plain "soliton", varies according to the field of academic study. Thus, the hypothesized but unobserved magnetic monopole is a physical example of the abstract mathematical setting of a monopole ; much like the Skyrmion, it owes its stability to belonging to a non ...
Specifically, an SU(2) Chern–Simons theory describes the simplest non-abelian anyonic model of a TQC, the Yang–Lee–Fibonacci model. [2] [3] The dynamics of Chern–Simons theory on the 2-dimensional boundary of a 3-manifold is closely related to fusion rules and conformal blocks in conformal field theory, and in particular WZW theory. [1] [4]