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Drag curve for a lifting body in steady flight. Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag, [1]: 254 [2]: 256 is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is defined as the combination of form drag and skin friction drag. [3] [1]: 641–642 [4]: 19
Skin friction drag is generally expressed in terms of the Reynolds number, which is the ratio between inertial force and viscous force. Total drag can be decomposed into a skin friction drag component and a pressure drag component, where pressure drag includes all other sources of drag including lift-induced drag. [1]
Parasitic drag, or profile drag, is the sum of viscous pressure drag (form drag) and drag due to surface roughness (skin friction drag). Additionally, the presence of multiple bodies in relative proximity may incur so called interference drag, which is sometimes described as a component of parasitic drag. In aeronautics the parasitic drag and ...
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag. If the fluid is a liquid, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on the Reynolds number ; if the fluid is a gas, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on both the Reynolds number and the Mach number .
is the dimensionless drag coefficient related to the satellite geometry, and accounting for skin friction and form drag (~2.2 for cube satellites). The orbit decay model has been tested against ~1 year of actual GPS measurements of VELOX-C1 , where the mean decay measured via GPS was 2.566 km across Dec 2015 to Nov 2016, and the orbit decay ...
Game content, including graphics, animation, sound, and physics, is authored in the 3D modeling and animation suite Blender [1] Blender Game Engine: C, C++: 2000 Python: Yes 2D, 3D Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris: Yo Frankie!, Sintel The Game, ColorCube: GPL-2.0-or-later: 2D/3D game engine packaged in a 3D modelar with integrated Bullet physics ...
is the frictional force – known as Stokes' drag – acting on the interface between the fluid and the particle (newtons, kg m s −2); μ (some authors use the symbol η ) is the dynamic viscosity ( Pascal -seconds, kg m −1 s −1 );