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Physalins are steroidal constituents of Physalis plants which possess an unusual 13,14-seco-16,24-cyclo-steroidal ring skeleton (where the bond that is normally present between the 13 and 14 positions in other steroids is broken while a new bond between positions 16 and 24 is formed; see figure below). [1]
A defining feature of Physalis is a large, papery husk derived from the calyx, which partly or fully encloses the fruit. [5] Many species bear edible fruit, and some species are cultivated. The typical Physalis fruit is similar to a firm tomato in texture, and like a sweet, tangy grape in flavor. [6]
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The family Physaliidae is monotypic, consisting of only one genus, Physalia. [2] The genus is also monotypic, containing only P. physalis. [1] [3] There is a long history of the genus being described with multiple species, such as the Pacific man o' war (P. utriculus), however most of these species are now considered synonyms for P. physalis.
Physalis latiphysa is a herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 30 to 45 cm. The shoot axis is densely hairy with multicellular, glandular trichomes . The leaves are silky and hairy, 5.5 to 16.0 cm long, with petioles 2.5 to 7.5 cm and leaf blades 3.0 to 8.5 cm.
Physalis coztomatl is a plant species in the genus Physalis. It produces edible orange-yellow fruits, but is rarely cultivated. The leaves are oval-shaped. It is native to America; the Aztecs used it medicinally. [2] It contains labdane diterpenes, and was the first species in Physalis in which they were found. [3]
Physalis hederifolia is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by the common name ivyleaf groundcherry.It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in rocky, dry desert and mountain habitat.
Physalis greenei Physalis crassifolia is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by the common names yellow nightshade groundcherry and thick-leaf ground-cherry . [ 1 ] It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in rocky, dry desert and mountain habitat.