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Changes the permissions of a file or directory cp: Copies a file or directory dd: Copies and converts a file df: Shows disk free space on file systems dir: Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.) dircolors: Set up color for ls: install: Copies files and set attributes ln: Creates a link to a ...
git add [file], which adds a file to git's working directory (files about to be committed). git commit -m [commit message], which commits the files from the current working directory (so they are now part of the repository's history). A .gitignore file may be created in a Git repository as a plain text file.
After authentication, and if the configuration file permits the user access, the system invokes the requested command. sudo retains the user's invocation rights through a grace period (typically 5 minutes) per pseudo terminal , allowing the user to execute several successive commands as the requested user without having to provide a password again.
Modern Linux distributions include a /sys directory as a virtual filesystem (sysfs, comparable to /proc, which is a procfs), which stores and allows modification of the devices connected to the system, [20] whereas many traditional Unix-like operating systems use /sys as a symbolic link to the kernel source tree.
Command-line interpreters allow users to issue various commands in a very efficient (and often terse) way. This requires the user to know the names of the commands and their parameters, and the syntax of the language that is interpreted. The Unix #! mechanism and OS/2 EXTPROC command facilitate the passing of batch files to external processors ...
Most file systems include attributes of files and directories that control the ability of users to read, change, navigate, and execute the contents of the file system. In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of user interface is referred to as permission-driven.
In Linux, the file specified by interpreter can be executed if it has the execute rights and is one of the following: a native executable, such as an ELF binary; any kind of file for which an interpreter was registered via the binfmt_misc mechanism (such as for executing Microsoft .exe binaries using wine) another script starting with a shebang
where SRC is the file or directory (or a list of multiple files and directories) to copy from, DEST is the file or directory to copy to, and square brackets indicate optional parameters. rsync can synchronize Unix clients to a central Unix server using rsync/ssh and standard Unix accounts. It can be used in desktop environments, for example to ...