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ECF has also been conducted in organic media, using for example organic salts of fluoride and acetonitrile as the solvent. [2] A typical fluoride source is (C 2 H 5) 3 N:3HF. In some cases, acetonitrile is omitted, and the solvent and electrolyte are the triethylamine-HF mixture.
Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula H F. It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid .
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive.A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
Ammonium bifluoride, as its name indicates, contains an ammonium cation ([NH 4] +), and a bifluoride (or hydrogen difluoride) anion ([HF 2] −).The triatomic bifluoride anion features a strong three-center four-electron bond (specifically, a symmetrical hydrogen bond) with a bond energy greater than 155 kJ/mol, [2] and an H-F length of 114 pm. [3]
The lighter noble gases xenon and krypton can be made to react with fluorine under special conditions, while argon will undergo chemical transformations only with hydrogen fluoride. [18] Nitrogen, with its very stable triple bonds, requires electric discharge and high temperatures to combine with fluorine directly. [19]
Perfluoroalkanes are very stable because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond, one of the strongest in organic chemistry. [4] Its strength is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine imparting partial ionic character through partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, which shorten and strengthen the bond (compared to carbon-hydrogen bonds) through favorable covalent ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
The main component of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is the interstitial fluid, or tissue fluid, which surrounds the cells in the body. The other major component of the ECF is the intravascular fluid of the circulatory system called blood plasma. The remaining small percentage of ECF includes the transcellular fluid.